🎣 Fishing & smoking

Catching & Cooking Crayfish: The Underrated River Dweller

3 min read · Season: Summer · June 9, 2026

Crayfish – a delicacy from local waters

Crayfish are one of the most delicious ingredients in regional cuisine – sadly largely forgotten. Yet they can be caught with simple means and turned into fine dishes.

Species & situation in Germany

Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus): Native species, specially protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance, and in North Rhine-Westphalia, for example, protected all year round – do not catch!

Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus): North American import, invasive in many waters. Catching them is often explicitly encouraged by authorities for population control! Carrier of crayfish plague, which wipes out noble crayfish.

Signal or noble crayfish? What to look for

Before a crayfish goes into the bucket, be clear about which species you have in front of you – the noble crayfish is specially protected.

Signal crayfish: a whitish-turquoise patch at the claw joint (hence the name), claw undersides red-brown and smooth
Noble crayfish: claw undersides red, with grainy bumps behind the eyes

Always check both features together and take your time comparing – one feature on its own is not enough. If you are not sure, put the crayfish back. A misidentified noble crayfish is one lost from a population that is already under pressure.

Important: Always check with the fisheries authority or the water's leaseholder before catching. In many German states, catching crayfish requires a permit of its own; catching without one is prohibited.

Catching techniques

Crayfish trap (crayfish basket):

Cage-like trap with a funnel-shaped entrance
Bait inside: fish heads, raw liver, bread crust
Set in the evening, check in the morning
Mark the rope with a buoy

Crayfish stick:

Long stick with bait at the end
Hold it in the water, crayfish feel their way toward it
Check at night with a flashlight, scoop up with a net

By hand / flashlight:

Search shallow banks at night with a flashlight
Grab crayfish from behind (claws can pinch!)

Catching season

Best season: July to September, evenings and nights (crayfish are crepuscular and nocturnal).

Preparation & cooking

Live crayfish before cooking:

Only use live, healthy animals
Rinse briefly in clear water

Classic cooking (crayfish in dill broth):

Bring a large pot of water to a boil with plenty of dill, salt, bay leaf, peppercorns
Add live crayfish head-first into the boiling water – this is what the German Animal Welfare Slaughter Ordinance requires: vigorously boiling water that covers the animals completely and keeps boiling vigorously after they are added (Section 12(11) TierSchlV). So only add a few at a time
Cook 3–5 min. until bright red
Let cool in the broth – they absorb more flavor this way

Serving:

With dill, lemon, butter, and good bread
The tail and claws contain most of the meat
Simmer the shells for bisque or stock – no waste!

Sources

Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV): Anlage 1, accessed 5 Oct 2026
State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Landesfischereiverordnung (LFischVO), as of version in force from 9 Dec 2025, accessed 5 Oct 2026
Animal Welfare Slaughter Ordinance (TierSchlV): § 12, accessed 5 Oct 2026

The sources support individual statements in this article. The organisations named have neither reviewed nor endorsed it.